Nihilism, a ideology that examines the absence of purpose, worth, and direction in life, challenges the very foundations of existence. Originating from the Latin word "nil," meaning "nothing," this philosophy asserts that life is without inherent importance, and conventional moral and religious values are unfounded. This viewpoint gained prominence
Utilitarianism, a outcome-based theory of ethics formulated by ethicists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, posits that the most favorable decision is the one that enhances overall pleasure or joy. At the heart of this philosophy is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which maintains that deeds are ethically correct if they enhance happine
The philosophy of utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory of ethics formulated by thinkers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, asserts that the best decision is the one that maximizes overall well-being or pleasure. Fundamental to this philosophy is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which claims that behaviors are morally right if they
Stoic philosophy, an ancient Greek school of thought established in the early 3rd century BC by Zeno of Cyprus, advocates the development of self-mastery and strength as a means to conquer negative emotions. The philosophy claims that virtue, the supreme good, is based on knowledge and that the enlightened exist in harmony with the universal Reason
Existentialist philosophy, a ideology that arose in the 19th and 20th centuries, stresses individual autonomy, decision-making, and subjective experience. Fundamental to this ideology is the notion that existence comes before essence, meaning that individuals define their own purpose and purpose through their deeds. Existentialist thinkers like Sar